Outline - DNA Structure and Replication

7.1.U1 Nucleosomes help to supercoil the DNA.

Draw and label the structure of a nucleosome, including the H1 protein, the octamer core proteins, linker DNA and two wraps of DNA.
Explain the levels of supercoiling (DNA→ nucleosome → beads on a string → 30nm fiber → unreplicated interphase chromosome → replicated metaphase chromosome).

7.1.U2 DNA structure suggested a mechanism for DNA replication.

Outline the features of DNA structure that suggested a mechanism for DNA replication.

7.1.U3 DNA replication is continuous on the leading strand and discontinuous on the lagging strand.

7.1.U4 DNA replication is carried out by a complex system of enzymes.

Outline the role of the following proteins in DNA replications: helicase, topoisomerase (AKA gyrase), single stranded binding proteins, primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, and DNA ligase.

7.1.U5 DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of a primer.

7.1.U6 Some regions of DNA do not code for proteins but have other important functions.

Define “coding sequences” and “repetitive sequences” of DNA.
Outline five functions of non-coding DNA sequences found in genomes, one of which must be the telomere.

7.1.A1 Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins’ investigation of DNA structures by X-ray diffraction.

Outline the process of X-ray diffraction.
Outline the deductions about DNA structure made from the X-ray diffraction pattern.

7.1.A2 Tandem repeats are used in DNA profiling.

7.1.S1 Analysis of results of the Hershey and Chase experiment providing evidence that DNA is the genetic material.

State the experimental question being tested in the Hershey and Chase experiment.
Explain the procedure of the Hershey and Chase experiment.
Explain how the results of the Hershey and Chase experiment supported the notion of nucleic acids as the genetic material.

7.1.S2 Utilization of molecular visualization software to analyze the association between protein and DNA within a nucleosome.